Fez, worn by men, has a history crossing cultural and religious bounds.  A fez seen in the western hemisphere is most often associated with Freemasonry.

Hijab is a term used in the West to describe an Islamic headcovering but the word, Hijab, means the practice of modesty.  The use of the word hijab by the wearer or advocate of wear to mean a covering of head and neck is indicative of conservative Sunni and Shia sects of Islam and often refers to a square scarf.  See Amira, below.

Khimar refers to a longer triangle scarf

Amira is a two piece headcovering consisting of a square scarf and an underscarf similar to a khimar except shorter, often seen on young Muslim girls.

Shayla is a long rectangular scarf and can be wrapped to expose or cover the face.

Niqaab - this word is used when refering to almost any type of face-veil. Some use this word when talking about the half-face veil. The half-face niqaab is worn under the scarf if it has an elastic band. It can also have ties, snaps or velcro closure.

Boushiya - covers all the face. Some models have layers that can be lifted. This may also be referred to as a burqa as used in Afghanistan.

Keffiyah, shmagh/shemagh, a ghutra or a hatta, is a traditional headdress of Arab men.  Color is no more significant than fashion or economy but there are some regional associations. 

White "keffiyah" with a black rope circlet called an agal are seen predominantly in Arab Gulf states.  This combination in Saudi Arabia is known as hatta.  It is almost exclusively the head covering worn by men in Kuwait and Bahrain.

Kufi is a cap often associated with American converts to Islam.  A kufi can be made of multi-colored yarn or kente cloth indicative of North African manufacture or crocheted in white yarn indicative of Arab Gulf to Central Asian manufacture.  A white kufi may be worn under hatta/ghutra.

Kufi is known by the following names dependent on the area:

Kufi, Gefiya, Duppi (Uzbek), Topi (Subcontinent), Taqiya (Sudan), Fila (W. Africa), Chechia Skull cap

Snood is a loose hair covering that wraps around the back of the head.

Tichel means kerchief in yiddish and is worn by orthodox Jewish women.

Turbans are worn by Sikh men, Muslim scholars, Indian and Arab men.  There is such a variety of turbans around the world.  Turbans require its own page.

Yarmulke is a soft skull cap worn by men observing reverence in the presence of God.  This is traditional wear for men in a synagogue but may be worn by Jews any where and by non-Jews in attendance of holy Jewish celebrations.

Zuchetto is a small seam-sectioned skull cap worn by Catholic clergy. Rank is indicated by color:

            White is worn by the Pope

            Red is worn by cardinals

            Violet is worn by abbots and territorial prelates.